Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies The WritePass Journal

Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies Introduction: Merger and Acquisition Motives, Types and Strategies Introduction:Black Law dictionary defines mergers and acquisitions as the following:Merger:In the simplest form:Strategic consideration:Motives behind merger and acquisition: Acquisition: Types of mergers and acquisition:Sources of finance for business acquisition:Shares of company:   Debentures: Mortgages:Retained earnings:Government Assistance:Various methods to calculate cost of acquisition:Purchase method:Pooling of interest method:Analysis to estimate profitability of acquisition:Ratios analysis method:Cash flow analysis:   Why and which source of finance is better to reduce cost of acquisition:Example: Conclusion:References:Related Introduction: Now- a-days in a corporate finance world, the merger and acquisition plays prominent role. Merger and acquisition refers to corporate finance, corporate strategy and manages deals with buying, selling and combining companies to grow rapidly. They bring different small size companies together to form a larger company. Actually large size companies makes dare to buy small or other companies to create competition in market, to purchase shares at low price, to reduce cost and risk to achieve efficiency. The key principal behind the purchasing a company is to create over and above value of shareholders of the company. They may involve a single product with multiple technologies. Mergers and acquisition can be used to increase economies of scale and to reduce competition in the market and to improve share value in the market. Black Law dictionary defines mergers and acquisitions as the following: Merger: The union of two or more corporations by the transfer of property of all, to one of them, which continues in existence, the others being swallowed or merged Therein†¦ Acquisition: The act of becoming the owner of a certain property. In the simplest form: In merger, two firms comes together to run a single company by transfer of property is called merger. In merger, same size of companies merges together and establishes new company. In acquisition one company takes over the other company and the company holding majority of share becomes the owner of the company and swallows the other company. Strategic consideration: Strategic management is concerned with company’s environment, policies and goals of company but also manages operation activities. The strategic planning approach to acquisition implies economy of scale. It helps to recognize risks in management.   If the investments exploit risks opportunities and can be used for additional investments with positive net present values, the strategy succeeds. Motives behind merger and acquisition: It is cost efficiency. Company funds are properly utilized by establishing various strategies with scale of economy to keep In each and every company transportation takes place on regular basis by acquisition of corporate company we can reduce fright charges by purchasing a supply chain. By purchasing ware house we can reduce ware housing rent. Economics of scale, we need implement new technology for production according to demand and supply. Brand name  Ã‚   attracts customers to purchase a product and they need to fix price lower then competitors. Trend is changed so internet publicity about company, products they produce should be advertised on internet. Integration of operations also reduces the cost of acquisition. Cost low, high profits and automatically it increases share value of shareholders. By merging and acquiring profitable company with company which is in loss in order to offset profits by written off.   Manufactures buying out a ware housing chain in order to save on ware housing cost. It helps to reduce competitors by selling products at cheaper rate at good quality. By building strengths to improve the skills, managers need to give more dividends to the share holders and it automatically reduces the risk in management. Acquisition: Acquisition requires huge investment of capital. We actually invest capital by thinking that benefits of business concern runs for longer period of time by using the principals of accounting as going concern, consistency and accuracy. Acquisition helps to create value for company. Acquisition method helps to recognize value for intangible assets. Therefore financial statement shows relevant information with transparent Before that we need to study consolidated financial statement of purchasing company related to consideration made by assets, cash or other form of securities. Acquisition process is very complex highly influenced by internal and external factors. We need to secure assets of company by proper control. Types of mergers and acquisition: If smaller company acquires the management control of the larger company and keeps its name for the combined entity is called reverse takeover. It takes place when private company with good prospectus and eager to raise finance will acquire public listed company. Horizontal MA takes place when one company acquires other company from the same line of business. Vertical MA takes place if one business acquires other related chain of business in the organization. Conglomerate acquisition takes place if acquisition takes place between unrelated businesses. Hostile MA takes if one of the people is not interested to agree, then the purchasing company purchases from the share stock market and become the owner of that company. A company holding high shares becomes the owner. Friendly MA takes place when the same size of companies comes together with friendly nature with their willingness and accepted obligation to work. Sources of finance for business acquisition: When a company purchases other company the financial sources of current company may falls inadequate. It needs to find the source of finance to pay for acquisition of business. We can raise funds from there internal and external sources. Shares of company: By acquiring a company which listed first time in stock market, by issuing shares of this company we can raise funds. Deferred shareholders are going to get dividends after the expiry of certain period this also helps to raise funds. By issuing new shares to existing holder of shares or to the share holders of acquired company on pro-rata manner to keep not affected and it can raise finds easily. Other wise by selling shares in the share market and that money can be paid to the targeted company. Shares are of two types. They are equity shares or ordinary shares and preference share. Issuing of shares depends upon the policies of company.    Debentures: Debenture holders are known as creditors of the company and they are the first persons to receive interest whether business is running smoothly or not. There will be written acknowledgment containing provision of debt paid and capital need to repay or by selling debentures in the market and we can repay the cash to the targeted company.   The principal amount also needs to repay. We can raise finds from this source by taking high risk. Cash: Cash means liquid amount carried by company. It is a cheap source of finance with high reliability. If the company has enough money to pay for acquisition it is a best choice to reduce risk in management. Company becomes insolvent if there is no enough money to operate business. We need to maintain reserves every year so it helps us whenever we are in need. Mortgages: By keeping freehold property and other fixed assets as security company can raise funds and receive cash on loan usually repayable after specific period of time. Retained earnings: Retained earnings acts as source of funds by reinvesting profits that could have been paid to the shareholders of company. It is an attractive source of finance. It serves as self financing by giving reasonable dividend to the holders of shares. Bank lending: Lending is main function of the bank. It issues long term loans, short term loans and medium term loans and it also allows overdraft limited to the transaction with bank. Mortgage act as short term finance. Bank gives loans on turnover of business and credit worthiness of company and interest rate is adjusted with base lending movement rate. This helps to raise funds for acquisition. Government Assistance: Government grants cash and other subsidies to companies with an aim to develop economy by expanding stability in economy by establishing high standards of technology to provide employment opportunities. Government helps the company by providing various fund to takeover other company if it is going to develop economy. Various methods to calculate cost of acquisition: Calculation of acquisition is very difficult task and it is related to capital investment. We need to estimate and evaluate the costs and benefits of acquisition over a period of years; the most suitable method for this will be capital budgeting analysis. Most often we approach stock analysis because we purchase company with cash or securities for consideration. The audit report of acquired company helps acquiring company to take decisions. Acquisition of company requires huge amount of investment. So I suggest acquiring company to implement investment framework regarding various policies and procedures to be followed to reduce cost of acquisition and various tools to predict financial analysis. Therefore by keeping all this matters under consideration there are various methods to calculate cost of acquisition. Purchase method:   If the acquiring company purchases the assets of the company more than the face value. The difference is called goodwill. Goodwill appears in the financial statements on assets side. In this method we need to revaluate the net assets. We can acquire a company by making payment by cash, securities and combination of two. Pooling of interest method: In this method, we combine the balance sheets of both the companies at book value. This method doesn’t effects the company by acquiring the assets and liabilities. Therefore this method is no more exists. Analysis to estimate profitability of acquisition: Ratios analysis method: Ratio analysis plays a vital role while calculating profitability, working capital and to estimate share values of company. Mostly we use this method to calculate to know available funds. For calculation of acquisition cost price-to earnings ratio (P/E). It calculates market value per share by it s earning per share of Transferee Company. If it is most profitable then acquiring company can acquire it. Price to sales ratio helps us by dividing current price of stock with its revenue per share. Cash flow analysis:    Net present value analysis method is used to calculate present value of both companies and also jointly. It shows the present value of all future cash flows discounted at the cost of capital on present investment. Marginal value of an acquisition helps to know present value of shareholders. This will help us to calculate price and value of benefits. This are the various methods used to calculate cost of acquisition. I think cash flow analysis is best one to know whether the project is profitable or not. Different methods are used by different companies according to their operational and financing strategies. Why and which source of finance is better to reduce cost of acquisition: Mostly we acquire a business by cash, issue of shares or by debt instruments. They can be issued purely by cash, by share or by debt instruments or by combining any of them it is company choice. By issue of cash, it is cheaper source of finance with high reliability. If the company is having enough money then it can repay it fully by cash. There will be no interference in management. It helps to reduce risk of the management. The company becomes insolvent if there is no enough cash to operate. By issue of stock, we can raise money. But if we issue shares to the targeted company we need to pay dividend. They also interference in management and interrupts the smooth going work. If we issue huge shares the value of the shares comes down. By issue of debt stock, we need to pay interest with principal amount with in a period of time. I think it is not a good source to reduce cost of acquisition. According to me, I think combined issue of stock and cash will be the good source of finance. By issuing limited shares with cash we are going to own the targeted company. No interest rate. No interference in management. By keeping sum amount of cash aside for operating the business to runs smoothly and by issuing limited shares we can raise share value of company. Example: In 2005, NEWS CORP owned by Rupert Murdoch acquired MY SPACE   social networking site. NEWS CORP acquired MY SPACE for $580 million. At the time acquisition MY SPACE is fifth most visited internet. NEWS CORP acquired MY SPACE by seeing the demand for Google site in internet. It is conglomerate acquisition because they are from different industries. MY SPACE played a dominate role in social networking as well as in cybercafà ©. In 2007, NEW CORP revenue exceeded $28 million which hold news paper, magazines and television, radio and sports franchises. News Corp is one of the largest media with revenue exceeding $28 million in 2007 which holds books, news papers, magazines, and television, radio and sports franchises. MY SPACE revenue stood at $525 million in ads. In 2008, MY SPACE became a fast growing website in the world. After acquisition MY SPACE continued with its own culture and also empowered with additional resources in order to further growth. Therefore it is one of the suc cessful business combinations. BY acquiring my space, News Corp. possessed new sales and advertising channels and it is able to provide operational and financial resources. It became possible only by implementing proper corporate strategy to reduce cost of acquisition. I think they provided cash flow analysis to calculate cost of acquisition to know the net present value for future inflows on investment. Conclusion: Through this example, I conclude that proper strategic implementation helps the acquiring organization to succeed. Acquisition is capital budgeting process so firstly to acquire a company we need to check the credit worthiness of business through various sources of funds. I think sources of funds from the share holder and bank loans are best suitable to raise funds and I suggest that cash flow analysis is the best way to calculate cost of acquisition because this analysis helps us to find the net present values for investments and also internal rate of return on investment. An acquisition is said to be effective only when firm maintains financial flexibility and adaptability in management. Buying firms with assets helps to face competitiveness. They need to maintain additional finance not to forgone profitability project. References: Salter, Malcolm s., and wolf A. Weinhold. Diversification Through acquisition. New York: Free press, 1979, partII. Synergistic gains from corporate acquisition and their division between the stockholders of target and acquiring firms,† journal of financial economics, 21, 1988. Gaughan, Patrick A.  Mergers and Acquisitions. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. Carney, William J.  Mergers and Acquisitions.  New York: Foundation Press, 2000.

A Review of London Docklands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Review of London Docklands - Essay Example LDCC developed a master plan and preferred to depend on the market led redevelopment. . Dockland was very close to the city of London which made it an attractive and preferable for establishment of the office as well as it is possible for residential development on the riverside to accommodate single high income households. The approach that applied to the development of London Dockland Area was clear and simple and it emphasized on attracting investment in that area. The LDCC was formed to develop this area. It is due to the initiative of the LDCC the filling of the old dock was stopped and it became most popular and preferable area for the people to invest. The approach that was followed by the LDCC during redesigning of the Dockland area was to improve the transportation. The development of transportation is considered as the key to the redevelopment of the London Dockland. The tenants of the new office desired more efficient transport facility that will link or connect the area w ith the city. In order to fulfil or satisfy the desire of its potential tenants it focussed more on the development of transportation facilities. The first phase towards the development of the dockland was developing the Dockland Railway links. The developers of Greenwich Peninsula also extended their help and support for redevelopment of the area. In spite of various economic and financial uncertainty and risk, these railway links or connections encourages or motivated the commercial tenants to Canary wharf.

Information Technology in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Technology in Healthcare - Essay Example As the paper highlights obtaining images of X-ray from Radiology Information System (RIS) a component of eHealth requires access to the site. An x-ray taken today can be shared and deliberated as soon as it is available electronically.  From this research it is clear that  to obtain x-ray image from PACS, a client of physician should have correct credentials for the search. Firstly, the client establishes network connection with PACS server. Second step involves preparing C-MOVE or C-GET request message through filling C-MOVE requisition, which should be matched with those in the server. The request is sent and a feedback is given in a list of DICOM attributes. From the feedback, the client extract images. Often takes approximately less than 10 minutes depending on the network strengths. The major errors encountered when getting images from EHR includes patient identification errors. These errors occur as a result of incorrect information is used to link an individual to an actio n. It causes a mismatch between patient and the care plan. Another error occurs during patient journey, and as a result repetition of images may occur. Lastly, the flow of patient identification mismatch occurs at the initial stage of data entry. When using PACs, the common errors is the hanging protocol display, which causes retrieving of images to take unnecessarily longer. Since the images are not organized by default, identification and processing of images may result in misalignment, which is a potential error.  

Big Man on Campus Essay Example for Free

Big Man on Campus Essay Without the philanthropic mind and the kindness of Leigh Anne and her husband, Sean, Michael Oher would have remained a timid dejected soul in an American ghetto. But it was not to be, as this huge child with a gentle soul, would be patiently coached to open up and in the ultimate process, astound not his community, but even rose to national fame. After a mere first practice in football, coaches came in platoons to offer him scholarships, with one of them labeling him the best in the nation† to which USA Today agreed. It took Leigh Anne’s legendary patience to cajole him to open up, and anyone would have easily given up—in the face of the tenacity with which the insecure big young boy evaded probing basic questions. The big boy feared even just showing anyone he was in pain, although he could cry like a child. I shall not delve on the story which everyone read. (Lewis: 3 online version) Surname 2 My piece will instead focus on Leigh Anne’s efforts to re-build the insecure, young, and athletically- endowed character, and in her effort to recover the boy’s trust in himself and society. Leigh Anne was a revelation to me on what educators ought to be to their students. An educator ideally should not give up too soon on exceptional cases of strange behavior or academic neglect. There could be deeper reasons why individuals act strange or in a manner that no one can immediately understand. Indeed Leigh Anne’s patience in monitoring Michel’s background, motivations, and psychological frame up was a model for the ideal or ultimate teacher. Leigh Anne also showed deep particular interest on behavioral motivations. An ordinary reaction to aberrant behavior could be acceptance of it as a given. Instead, Leigh Anne was motivated by a desire to learn the roots of the behavior and help â€Å"Big Michael† overcome it. Leigh Anne was not a cold psychology specialist treating a patient. She was a human being caring for another human being. Hers is an example even for psychologists. A discipline must humanize: it ought not to lose its human dimension. Educators cannot always end up like Leigh Anne who went all the way to adopt Michael, who found a family in her home. But the desire to build lives is the essence of what an educator should aspire for every student entrusted to him. Surname 3 Sean and Leigh Anne Tuohy jointly probed and observed Michael’s every revelation of his past, or any bit of information that could lead them to understand the bigboy. They were rewarded not just with the revelation of his childlike character, but with having a new family member they loved like a son. As Leigh Anne put it, I loved him as if I birthed him. † (Lewis:4 online version). Work Cited Lewis, Michael. Big Man on Campus From the Readers Digest . Retrieved Dec. 15,2008 from: http://www. rd. com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/big-man-on-campus/article30250-3. html

Human Nature in Minority Report :: Film, Movie

In the movie â€Å"Minority report† by Steven Spielberg, shows that the Pre-cogs who can predict murder are the main component of Pre-crime department and John Anderton, who is the chief of squad to stop the murder before it happens. However, he was predicted to commit a murder in the future, so he decided to find the truth of pre-cogs vision to prove that he is innocent. At the beginning, he believed that Danny Witwer who was the observer from Justice set him up in this incident. Finally, he found out he was set up by Lamar Burgess who was John’s boss and he also proved that the predictions of pre-cogs were not correct at all. The Pre-crime department had been shut down at the end. Therefore from this movie, we could then know that self-preservation is the natural behavior of human being. This argument has suggested that the act of murder might be some sort of prevention for revealing secrets, protect one’s benefits and defend oneself from harm. First of all, human beings are always protecting themselves, so some of them may choose to kill others to conceal the fact. If the truth which will harm their reputation or status expose to others that should not be known, a kind person may turn into evil. This is because they want to hide their secrets as this is one of the nature behaviors that every human would have. At the beginning, they may choose to lie to cover the truth; killing would definitely be the last choice for them to protect themselves. Most of the time, this secret is in relation to evil. From this movie, Danny discovered the secret in the case of Anne which is related to Lamar. Hoping to hide the secret forever, Lamar killed Danny. Hence, killing others to hide the truth is one of the ways of self-protection for some human being. Hoping to protect one’s benefit, homicide could be the choice to some of the human. The nature of human is always selfish; we are born to live for ourselves. Because of this nature, if someone is trying to harm us, hurt the one we love, we will do anything to protect them from harm; even animals. In the movie, Lamar killed Anne as she wanted to take her daughter Agatha who was one of the pre-cogs back. Yet, Agatha is the most important pre-cog among three of them, so Lamar murdered Anne to protect his Pre-crime.

Information System Proposal

Information Systems Proposal BIS/220 Computer Information Systems Table of Contents Introduction3 Understanding the market challenges3 Internal operations and External operations3 Information Technology Comparison chart4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks4 Bullets of successful strategy5 References6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for many ingenious strategies to remain afloat. As companies enter into the market they can become easily consumed, overwhelmed and sometimes unnoticeable.Opening business doors as a nostalgic record store immediately identifies a consumer demand, in efforts of remaining competitive and ultimately in business. As many internal operations are facets to efficient workplace process equating to fiscal conservatism, there are also many external factors that are paralleled. This proposal shall outline the effectiveness and detriments of many technologies and information systems that remain current in the market fo r small businesses today.After reviewing the consumer market drive for record store inventory, results have demonstrated the most effective method to liquidate the product inventory would be marketing. By streamlining an effective marketing campaign and a competitive edge strategy the company would have the ability to target specific audience within the context of the company’s products. With the multitude of genres that would be cataloged into inventory, marketing demographics would contribute to the localities, regions and venues in which the marketing campaign would be presented.Although this level of marketing efforts may appear to be complex and over budget. Information systems and technology have streamlined the process and paired cost effectiveness and efficiency into a user friendly simplistic process. As the internal operation of the process weigh heavily- on and rely-on the bottom-line, these operations should be developed and created on strategies of efficiency. Es tablishing a sustainable approach to developing an efficient process begins with a technological platform. From the inception of the business to stages of growth, massive catalogs of data will be compiled, retrieved and ultimately stored.The process to disseminate information, transmit and receive will determine how efficient internal operations are performing. The performance of these operations will also determine the growth or decline of the bottom-line. The approach to offset any negative trending prior to the occurrence would be found within the interest of a database. The database technology can maintain many functions of time and attendance which may offset many incurred cost through payroll and processing. A time and attendance database will also prevent human error through automated recording and time monitoring updating.Many of these databases also provide ad hoc reporting cataloging inventory and summarizing accounts payable and receivables. This method of reporting saves a tremendous amount of time and possibly salaried positions. This maintains inventory and process determining a more accurate bottom-line to produce more accurate accounts sales and inventory purchase orders. These databases provide cost saving measures through staff reduction, lowered overhead and fiscally accountable approaches. The table below (table 1. 1) identifies a comparison of the benefits of a system delivery of benefits. Table 1. 1Information SystemReal-time UpdatePromotional SalesReviewer ControlsMicro BloggingDirect User interfaceAd Hoc ReportingTime and AttendanceEmployee Record Retention Twitter Facebook Web-site KRONOS Legiant Information systems and technology comparison chart Twitter is a technology that has revolutionized the means in which businesses can interact with their clients. It has reduced the cost of marketing campaigns and has given clients more personalized customer service. The Twitter platforms functions as a micro blog whereas users can share thoug ht, ideas and opinions on a real-time display.This has connected companies, employees, client and customers to understand up –to-date news and reviews. This form of technology is of optimal cost effectiveness requiring no fees for registration. With Twitters massive member base, it also holds great opportunity for business advertising for a nominal fee; however, your adverting is in your message. When you post your Tweet (micro blog), its free of charge and the substance of your message will attract followers. Facebook is an excellent technological marketing platform with optimal cost effectiveness and efficient process to monitor the marketing content for the business.This platform is designed to collaborate through group sharing on a intergraded network that will allow users to view current genres of music selections, upcoming events and allow customers to post reviews directly to an individual Facebook webpage designed exclusively for the record store. Facebook will limit the cost of print materials, postage and customer service inquiries by capturing marketing analysis onto this massive database. For more strategic approaches to marketing efforts, the record store can post a professional advertisement to the massive member base, for a nominal fee, and attract customers from many different platforms.Website is information systems and technology merged and stored onto one computer system called a server that host all activity which is posted for the store. This serves as the ultimate platform for marketing, databases and record retention. There is an immediate cost for the server; however, it can be proven to be very cost effective for long-term usage. The computer server will assist in efficient correspondence through creating e-mails accounts for employees. Customer inquiry e-mail accounts can be established in addition to websites for internet use.With purchase of this system the company will save from hosting fees, web page management fees, spacin g and trafficking fees. Computer servers are also an excellent technology to host other databases that may require large amounts of storage space on a computer system and also serves as a repository for internal record retention and centralized databases on share drives. Capturing the essence of what will make this business successful is: †¢Interfacing with clients †¢Business to Business †¢Business to customers †¢Internal Business ProcessWith these aspects in mind it brings us to the internal operations of efficiency. KRONOS time and attendance information system database allows the company to maximize its time when human resource operations are of use. This database captures the time and attendance of all employees and salaried workers that report to the office within an automated process. KRONOS features ad hoc reporting which allows the administrator (authorized account user) to draw information that reports how many hours where worked within pay cycles.It als o maintains employee records to synchronize their worked time and post accrued vacation leave and generates payroll information for check processing. KRONOS is based upon licensing term and can impact the bottom-line during it interim use; however, this system can also reduce staff positions which can off-set the incurred fee. For a more conservative approach to the bottom-line while still attending to the features of KRONOS, LEGANT is a more cost effective solution of time and attendance information systems.Although it features are more limited than KRONOS it still serves as an excellent source of information system that can off-set impact to the bottom-line and time effectiveness. Information systems and technology ultimately maximizes the efficiency and productivity of a company and to the success of all companies I would recommend the implementation of these systems. The technologies and systems outlined in this proposal represent strategic measures for successful engagement to a customer client base which collaborate customer services to product and company quality.

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox

Known for: known for her plotting on behalf of Roman Catholicism in England.  Ã‚  She was the  grandmother of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England, and the mother of James father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley.. Margaret Douglas was the niece of Tudor King Henry VIII and granddaughter of Henry VII. Dates: October 8, 1515 - March 7, 1578 Heritage Margaret Douglas  mother was Margaret Tudor, daughter of Englands King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Margaret Tudor, named for her paternal grandmother,  Margaret Beaufort, was the widow of James IV of Scotland. Margaret Douglas father was Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus; the marriage of Margaret Tudor and Archibald Douglas in 1514, at first secret, was the second for each, and alienated many of the other Scottish nobles and threatened her supervision of her two sons by James IV, James V (1512-1542) and Alexander (1514-1515). Margaret Douglas, the only child of her mothers second marriage, was brought up with and was a lifelong friend to King Henry VIIIs daughter by Catherine of Aragon, Princess Mary, later Englands Queen Mary I. Scandalous Relations Margaret Douglas became engaged to Thomas Howard while she was a lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn, the second queen of Margarets uncle Henry VIII. Howard was sent to the Tower of London in 1537 for their unauthorized relationship, as Margaret was at that time next in line of succession, Henry VIII having declared illegitimate his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. Love poems she wrote to Thomas Howard were preserved in the Devonshire MS, now in the British Library. Margaret had reconciled with her uncle by 1539, when he asked her to greet his new bride Anne of Cleves on her arrival in England. In 1540, Margaret had an affair with Charles Howard, nephew of Thomas Howard and brother of Catherine Howard, the fifth queen of Henry VIII. But again Henry VIII reconciled with his niece, and Margaret was a witness to his sixth and final marriage, to Catherine Parr, who had known Margaret for many years. Marriage In 1544, Margaret Douglas married Matthew Stewart, the 4th Earl of Lennox, who was living in England. Their elder son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, in 1565 married Mary, Queen of Scots, daughter of James V, Margaret Douglas half-brother. The Stewart (Stuart) name for a later line of kings of England and Scotland comes from Margaret Douglas second husband through the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley. Plotting Against Elizabeth After Marys death and the succession of Protestant Queen Elizabeth I in 1558, Margaret Douglas retired to Yorkshire, where she became involved with Roman Catholic plotting. In 1566 Elizabeth had Lady Lennox sent to the Tower. Margaret Douglas was released after her son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, was murdered in 1567. In 1570-71, Matthew Stewart, Margarets husband, became Regent in Scotland; he was assassinated in 1571. Margaret was again imprisoned in 1574 when her younger son Charles married without royal permission; she was pardoned in 1577 after he died. She briefly helped care for the daughter of Charles, Arbella Stuart. Death and Legacy Margaret Douglas died only a year after she was released. Queen Elizabeth I gave her a large funeral. Her effigy lies in Westminster Abbey, where her son Charles is also buried. The grandson of Margaret Douglas, James, who was the son of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and of Mary, Queen of Scots, became King James VI of Scotland and, at the death of Elizabeth I, was crowned King James I of England. He was the first Stewart king.